Berlin pushes back – Google says “No”

In June, Berlin’s data protection office demanded that Google and Apple remove DeepSeek from their app stores. The regulator argued that the app, developed by a Chinese company, failed to meet EU privacy requirements.

Yet by August, the app was still available. Google stated clearly: “We don’t intend to remove the app.” Apple, on the other hand, has remained silent, according to Berlin’s watchdog. This lack of reaction fuels doubts about how effectively European rules can actually be enforced against global players.

The legal framework – and its weak spots

The regulator based its action on the Digital Services Act (DSA), which allows individuals and organizations to flag illegal content or apps. But here’s the catch: platforms decide whether to act on those complaints. Regulators can only recommend removal — at least until formal proceedings with penalties begin.

Another issue lies in Europe’s GDPR rules. The EU does not recognize China’s privacy regulations as equivalent to its own. That means data from EU users of DeepSeek could, in theory, be accessed by authorities in Beijing — without the safeguards EU citizens expect. So, does keeping the app in European stores undermine not only the letter but also the spirit of EU law?

DeepSeek – a disruptive tech with red flags

When DeepSeek launched earlier this year, it caused a stir in the AI world. The company managed to build a powerful AI model using relatively modest resources — challenging assumptions about how expensive it is to train large-scale AI.

But excitement quickly turned into skepticism. Where did the training data come from? Were the methods ethical? And more importantly — given that DeepSeek is based in China, where tech firms are tightly linked to the state — can any promise of “privacy protection” really hold if government agencies demand access to user data?

A question of digital sovereignty

Back in May, Berlin’s data protection authority even tried to get DeepSeek itself to withdraw from the German market. The company refused. That left regulators with only one option: pressuring Google and Apple to act as gatekeepers.

This highlights a bigger issue: digital sovereignty. If global platforms can simply ignore EU regulators, how effective are the DSA and GDPR in practice? And if apps like DeepSeek remain available despite official complaints, can citizens really trust that their privacy is being protected beyond the paperwork?

The geopolitical dimension

This isn’t just a legal or technical dispute — it’s also geopolitical. With EU-China tensions rising in the tech sector, every Chinese AI app comes under close scrutiny.

Chinese law obliges tech companies to cooperate with state security agencies. That directly clashes with the EU’s vision of privacy and data protection. For many, allowing apps like DeepSeek into European app stores looks less like harmless competition and more like a potential national security risk.

Platforms as the real decision-makers?

The DeepSeek saga shows that in practice, it’s the platforms — not the regulators — who have the final say over which apps remain accessible. The DSA outlines reporting and review procedures, but ultimately Google and Apple decide whether an app stays or goes, at least in the early stages.

This raises a deeper question: should private companies really decide what is legal? When they ignore regulatory recommendations, it doesn’t just weaken enforcement — it undermines citizens’ trust in Europe’s digital oversight.

What this means for AI regulation in Europe

DeepSeek is more than a controversial app — it’s a test case for the future of AI regulation. As AI models become more powerful and capable of handling sensitive data, cross-border privacy standards will face tougher challenges.

And the case makes one thing clear: even the EU, with some of the world’s strictest data protection rules, struggles to enforce them when global tech giants and foreign governments are involved.

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