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Article by Giulia Casula

The European Council has adopted conclusions on competitiveness, migration, and defense. According to European sources, the 27 leaders are discussing the Multiannual Financial Framework, the final chapter of the meeting, over dinner.

No changes have been made compared to the last version of the conclusions. As expected, the leaders called for accelerating work on all fronts “to decisively increase Europe’s defense readiness within the next five years.” They also called for further legislative simplification, particularly in the areas of decarbonization of industry and security and defense.

In the chapter on competitiveness, the Council “encourages further work in particular on: the external dimension, in particular through comprehensive partnerships; the implementation of adopted EU legislation and the enforcement of existing legislation; the prevention and fight against irregular migration, including through new modalities in line with EU and international law; efforts to facilitate, increase and accelerate returns, using all relevant EU policies, tools and instruments; the concepts of safe third countries and safe countries of origin; the fight against instrumentalisation, human trafficking and smuggling; the alignment of visa policy by neighbouring countries; and safe and legal pathways in line with national competences,” it reads.

The packages already proposed by the Commission must therefore move forward quickly. On energy, the strategy on affordable prices is welcomed, and the Twenty-seven have emphasized the importance of interconnections, infrastructure, and new sources of supply. On the Savings and Investment Union, however, the discussion, as Meloni also explained, focused on the advantages of a single surveillance system.

Regarding defense, as Meloni also explained on the sidelines of the summit, considerable attention was given to private financing for the defense industry, along the lines of Invest EU. This is an element that Italy requested be included in the conclusions. “The Council invites the Commission to consider further use of EU programs, for example, building on the experience of the InvestEU component of Member States, taking into account the specific nature of the security and defense policy of some Member States,” the document states.

In the section on the single market, references to the automotive, heavy industry, shipping, and aviation sectors were confirmed as sectors to be strengthened and decarbonized. References to 2025 fines and the revision of the car regulation were also confirmed. The Council “invites the Commission to present, without delay, a targeted proposal for further flexibilities at the 2025 milestone under the regulation setting CO2 emission performance standards for cars and vans and to pursue the review foreseen in this regulation,” the text states.

Regarding immigration, the European Council encourages continued work on the “external dimension” through the prevention and fight against irregular migration and increased repatriations. Central to this discussion is the definition of safe countries, which Meloni also reiterated, pending the examination of the new Repatriation Regulation.

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