Poland

Around midnight, on the 9th of September 2025, a Russian drone crossed into polish airspace. And the another. And another. Almost 20 drones followed during the next seven hours. “Interestingly, they were all duds, which suggests to me that Russia tried to test us without starting a war” Radosław Sikorski, Poland’s foreign minister, told the Guardian.

He also said that “the drones didn’t reach their targets and there was minor damage to property, nobody was hurt”.

Romania and Estonia

Then on September 13th, around 6pm another drone entered Romanian airspace. Two F-16 jets were scrambled but the drone ultimately wasn’t shot down. “The UAV did not overfly populated areas and did not pose an imminent threat to the civilian population” the Ministry of National Defence said in a press release. “Such incidents demonstrate the Russian Federation’s lack of respect for the norms of international law and endanger not only the safety of Romanian citizens, but also the collective security of NATO”.

And then recently on the 19th, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets entered Estonian airspace. And remained there for 12 minutes. Estonia condemned the action and requested NATO Article 4 consultations.

“We hear such exaggerated hysteria about our military pilots allegedly violating some rules and invading someone’s airspace,” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters. “These claims are unfounded.” And a point could be made that the incidents were all mistakes. But many experts are worried that Russia is testing the West’s resolve and battle capabilities. Brett Erickson, a sanctions expert, stated that “every incursion is a rehearsal. Unless we act decisively now, we are training Moscow to believe NATO is predictable, divided, and slow.”

US intelligence officials haven’t been able to determine whether the Polish incursion was deliberate or not, because of many contradicting aspects:

The flight patterns of the drones suggest that they were jammed by Ukraine and struggling to find GPS signal. And Belarus warning Poland about stray drones could prove it was accidental or could be part of a more elaborate smokescreen, which would grant Russia deniability for its deliberate actions. This theory also plays along with the big number of drones and with how deep into Polish territory they flew (the French representative at the UN stated that one drone was found 700km away from the Ukrainian border).

 

 

 

Accidental or intentional these incursions signify that Russia is willing to take more risks in its targeting. Mark Rutte, the NATO secretary, said that “whether it was intentional or not, it is absolutely reckless, it is absolutely dangerous“. Although president Trump’s response was rather mild on Russia, the US Ambassador to NATO, Matthew Whitaker also criticized Russia and condemned the incursion.

And so while this issue is still unfolding, one could draw the conclusion that Russia has become bolder in its military actions and more willing to provoke NATO countries and test their solidarity.

 

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