By\u0165 \u010dlovekom so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami v Severnom Maced\u00f3nsku je ka\u017edodennou v\u00fdzvou. Syst\u00e9m zdravotnej starostlivosti, infra\u0161trukt\u00fara a soci\u00e1lna mentalita \u010dasto neposkytuj\u00fa t\u00fdmto jednotlivcom potrebn\u00fa podporu, \u010do ich a ich rodiny nech\u00e1va \u010deli\u0165 drsnej realite. Aby ste to skuto\u010dne pochopili, sta\u010d\u00ed str\u00e1vi\u0165 trochu \u010dasu v dennom centre CFKD (Starostlivos\u0165 o deti so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm). Toto denn\u00e9 centrum je tepl\u00fdm hniezdom starostlivosti, vzdel\u00e1vania a socializ\u00e1cie pre 14 jednotlivcov vo veku od 13 do 55 rokov. Napriek tomu, \u017ee maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne diagn\u00f3zy, kv\u00f4li neschopnosti vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 samostatn\u00e9 skupiny tr\u00e1via v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u010dasu spolu.<\/p>\n
\u201eVekov\u00fd rozdiel nie je v ich vz\u0165ahoch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorom. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich si vytvorila r\u00f4zne typy vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb, \u010di u\u017e bl\u00edzkych alebo vzdialen\u00fdch. Pre t\u00fdchto jednotlivcov nie je verb\u00e1lna komunik\u00e1cia v\u017edy prim\u00e1rna, tak\u017ee ich vz\u0165ahy s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch komunik\u00e1cie, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00fdch vyjadruj\u00fa n\u00e1zory, s\u00fahlasy a nezhody, em\u00f3cie,\u201c hovor\u00ed Aleksandra Nestorosk\u00e1, psychologi\u010dka v centre.<\/p>\n
Ak je by\u0165 osobou so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, by\u0165 \u017eenou v tejto kateg\u00f3rii je e\u0161te komplikovanej\u0161ie. V spolo\u010dnosti, v ktorej st\u00e1le dominuj\u00fa patriarch\u00e1lne normy, \u010delia \u017eeny so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm dvojitej diskrimin\u00e1cii: ako osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm aj ako \u017eeny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pre mnoh\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na z\u00edskanie vzdelania, n\u00e1jdenie zamestnania alebo samostatn\u00fd \u017eivot takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\u201eVer\u00edm, \u017ee n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 opatrovania do zna\u010dnej miery z\u00e1vis\u00ed od stup\u0148a postihnutia danej osoby, ale m\u00f4\u017eem tie\u017e potvrdi\u0165, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 povaha \u017eensk\u00e9ho pohlavia predstavuje v opatrovan\u00ed \u010fal\u0161iu v\u00fdzvu,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Aleksandra.<\/p>\n
Teraz si predstavte, \u017ee ste diev\u010da s Downov\u00fdm syndr\u00f3mom, autizmom alebo inou diagn\u00f3zou. Okrem ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch bojov s u\u010den\u00edm, soci\u00e1lnou integr\u00e1ciou a lek\u00e1rskou starostlivos\u0165ou \u010del\u00edte ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac \u010fal\u0161iemu probl\u00e9mu: men\u0161tru\u00e1cii. Pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu diev\u010dat a \u017eien je men\u0161tru\u00e1cia \u00fanavn\u00fd a niekedy bolestiv\u00fd proces, ale pre diev\u010da so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami sa tento prirodzen\u00fd cyklus st\u00e1va skuto\u010dnou v\u00fdzvou.<\/p>\n
\u201eTieto jedince \u010dasto nedok\u00e1\u017eu samy udr\u017eiava\u0165 osobn\u00fa hygienu a potrebuj\u00fa pomoc alebo doh\u013ead. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne \u00farovne ch\u00e1pania men\u0161tru\u00e1cie ako biologick\u00e9ho javu \u2013 od schopnosti pochopi\u0165 tento jav a stara\u0165 sa o seba alebo prija\u0165 pomoc a\u017e po \u00fapln\u00fa intelektu\u00e1lnu neschopnos\u0165 pochopi\u0165 ho alebo samostatne udr\u017eiava\u0165 hygienu. Okrem toho ka\u017ed\u00fd reaguje inak na pr\u00edznaky men\u0161tru\u00e1cie a PMS \u2013 ako je boles\u0165, emocion\u00e1lna podr\u00e1\u017edenos\u0165 a podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my,\u201c zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje Aleksandra.<\/p>\n
V Severnom Maced\u00f3nsku maj\u00fa dokonca aj diev\u010dat\u00e1 bez zdravotn\u00e9ho postihnutia probl\u00e9m dovoli\u0165 si men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky kv\u00f4li vysok\u00fdm cen\u00e1m a nedostato\u010dn\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu k vzdel\u00e1vaniu o men\u0161tru\u00e1cii. Pre diev\u010da so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami je situ\u00e1cia e\u0161te problematickej\u0161ia, preto\u017ee nemus\u00ed rozumie\u0165 tomu, ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky, alebo m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 probl\u00e9m s ich pravidelnou v\u00fdmenou. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 rodi\u010da alebo opatrovate\u013ea nevyhnutn\u00e1 \u2013 nielen na zabezpe\u010denie hygienick\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok finan\u010dne, ale aj na pomoc po\u010das cel\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\n
\u201e\u00c1no, toto je realita pre t\u00fdchto jednotlivcov a ich rodiny. Net\u00fdka sa to len osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, ale aj v\u0161etk\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa o \u0148u staraj\u00fa. Intelektu\u00e1lne a fyzick\u00e9 postihnutie nezbavuje t\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed biologickej podstaty \u017eensk\u00e9ho tela. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee \u0161irok\u00e1 verejnos\u0165 t\u00fato t\u00e9mu ani len nezv\u00e1\u017eila ako fakt a realitu pre \u017eeny so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm a t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa o ne staraj\u00fa,\u201c hovor\u00ed Aleksandra.<\/p>\n
\u0160t\u00e1t mus\u00ed podnikn\u00fa\u0165 kroky, aby zabezpe\u010dil, \u017ee \u013eudia so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami \u2013 najm\u00e4 \u017eeny a diev\u010dat\u00e1 \u2013 nebud\u00fa ponechan\u00ed na okraji spolo\u010dnosti. Vzdel\u00e1vacie programy o men\u0161tru\u00e1cii a hygiene s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pre v\u0161etky diev\u010dat\u00e1 bez oh\u013eadu na ich schopnosti. Okrem toho by mali existova\u0165 podporn\u00e9 centr\u00e1, kde diev\u010dat\u00e1 s Downov\u00fdm syndr\u00f3mom a \u017eeny so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165 primeran\u00fa zdravotn\u00fa a soci\u00e1lnu starostlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n
Nie je spravodliv\u00e9, aby diev\u010da so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami \u010delilo dvojitej v\u00fdzve \u2013 nielen kv\u00f4li svojmu stavu, ale aj kv\u00f4li nedostatku podpory zo strany spolo\u010dnosti a \u0161t\u00e1tu. Je na\u010dase, aby spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zmenila svoj pr\u00edstup a zaobch\u00e1dzala s nimi ako s jednotlivcami s rovnak\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vami, nie ako s bremenom, ktor\u00e9 treba skr\u00fdva\u0165 alebo zanedb\u00e1va\u0165.<\/p>\n
Pod\u013ea s\u010d\u00edtania \u013eudu z roku 2021 je po\u010det \u017eien so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami v Severnom Maced\u00f3nsku vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako po\u010det mu\u017eov. Celkovo v krajine \u017eije s nejakou formou postihnutia \u2013 \u010di u\u017e ide o poruchy mobility, zraku, sluchu, komunik\u00e1cie alebo in\u00e9 poruchy \u2013 v porovnan\u00ed so 42 209 mu\u017emi so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
By\u0165 \u010dlovekom so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi potrebami v Severnom Maced\u00f3nsku je ka\u017edodennou v\u00fdzvou. Syst\u00e9m zdravotnej starostlivosti, infra\u0161trukt\u00fara a soci\u00e1lna mentalita \u010dasto neposkytuj\u00fa t\u00fdmto jednotlivcom potrebn\u00fa podporu, \u010do ich a ich rodiny nech\u00e1va \u010deli\u0165 drsnej realite. Aby ste […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":197,"featured_media":6309,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[723,571],"tags":[17481,15567,3392,17482,17483,17484],"post_formats":[673],"coauthors":[17383],"class_list":["post-67763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozmanitost-a-inkluzia","category-vseobecne","tag-disability","tag-healthcare-sk","tag-infrastructure-sk","tag-menstruation","tag-north-macedonia","tag-period-poverty","post_formats-clanky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/197"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67763"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67814,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67763\/revisions\/67814"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67763"},{"taxonomy":"post_formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_formats?post=67763"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=67763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}