{"id":66452,"date":"2025-11-18T20:00:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T20:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/democracy-without-streets\/"},"modified":"2025-11-18T20:01:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T20:01:08","slug":"aka-je-to-demokracia-bez-ulic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/aka-je-to-demokracia-bez-ulic\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e1 je to demokracia bez ul\u00edc?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pr\u00e1vo na protest je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kame\u0148om eur\u00f3pskej demokracie. Schopnos\u0165 vyjs\u0165 do ul\u00edc a kl\u00e1s\u0165 po\u017eiadavky je podstatou demokracie \u2013 a v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nie je to dekorat\u00edvna v\u00fdsada. Naopak, je to nad\u010dasov\u00fd prostriedok na vyv\u00edjanie tlaku na in\u0161tit\u00facie, ktor\u00e9 nepo\u010d\u00favaj\u00fa. Napriek tomu sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee toto pr\u00e1vo v celej<\/span> Eur\u00f3pe<\/span><\/a> sa zmen\u0161uje, potl\u00e1\u010danie pokojn\u00fdch zhroma\u017eden\u00ed sa st\u00e1va trendom vn\u00fatornej bezpe\u010dnosti, ktor\u00fd sa zav\u00e1dza za pr\u00edsnych z\u00e1kazov, dokonca aj legislat\u00edvnych zmien, ktor\u00e9 kriminalizuj\u00fa samotn\u00fd protest. Taliansko je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v popred\u00ed tohto posunu.<\/span> T\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka samozrejme ide ruka v ruke s trendom \u201e<\/span> naliehavosti<\/span><\/a> \u201c v \u010dase, ke\u010f ob\u010dania na celom kontinente vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do ul\u00edc a vl\u00e1dy \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie hovoria jazykom \u201enaliehavej potreby\u201c. Predsedn\u00ed\u010dka Komisie Ursula von der Leyenov\u00e1 vyz\u00fdva na \u201ezmysel pre naliehavos\u0165\u201c v politik\u00e1ch E\u00da, na zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee ob\u00eds\u0165 pr\u00e1ve tie demokratick\u00e9 procesy, ktor\u00e9 chr\u00e1nia pluralizmus a kritick\u00e9 hlasy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u00edpade Talianska vy\u0161li 22. septembra 2025 tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed do ul\u00edc od Mil\u00e1na po Sic\u00edliu, aby<\/span> protestovali<\/span><\/a> proti genoc\u00edde v Gaze. Situ\u00e1cia zastavila krajinu, pri\u010dom boli zatvoren\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 stanice, \u0161koly a pr\u00edstavy ako Janov a Livorno, kde dokov\u00ed robotn\u00edci blokovali n\u00e1kladn\u00fa dopravu, preto\u017ee \u201eTaliansko sa vyu\u017e\u00edva ako uzol na prepravu zbran\u00ed do Izraela\u201c. V R\u00edme viac ako 20 000 \u013eud\u00ed skandovalo pred stanicou Termini \u201eSlobodn\u00e1 Palest\u00edna\u201c. Nap\u00e4tie na demon\u0161tr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa stup\u0148ovalo, skupiny oble\u010den\u00e9 v \u010diernom sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali prerazi\u0165 hlavn\u00fd vchod na stanicu v Mil\u00e1ne, h\u00e1dzali sa dymovnice a kamene a pol\u00edcia reagovala pep\u0159ov\u00fdm sprejom; v\u00fdsledkom bolo 10 zatknut\u00ed a 60 zranen\u00fdch policajtov. Premi\u00e9rka Giorgia Meloni ods\u00fadila incidenty a prip\u00edsala ich \u201en\u00e1siln\u00fdm men\u0161in\u00e1m bez akejko\u013evek s\u00favislosti so solidaritou\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010diatkom okt\u00f3bra tohto roku, po stretoch, miestne \u00farady v Bologni<\/span> zak\u00e1zali<\/span><\/a> propalest\u00ednsku demon\u0161tr\u00e1ciu s od\u00f4vodnen\u00edm, \u017ee existuje \u201ev\u00e1\u017ene riziko nepokojov\u201c. Organiz\u00e1cia Giovani Palestinasi ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee sa napriek z\u00e1kazu pok\u00fasi zhroma\u017edi\u0165, pri\u010dom izraelsk\u00fd ve\u013evyslanec v Taliansku uviedol, \u017ee \u201epodujatie by oslavovalo 7. okt\u00f3ber\u201c a \u017ee \u201espolupracoval s \u00faradmi\u201c na jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed. V<\/span> m\u00e1ji<\/span><\/a> 2025 talianska vl\u00e1da predlo\u017eila parlamentu n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fd kriminalizuje aj tradi\u010dn\u00e9 formy ob\u010dianskej neposlu\u0161nosti. Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 48\/2025 kriminalizuje \u201enez\u00e1konn\u00e9 obsadzovanie majetku\u201c s trestom od\u0148atia slobody a\u017e na sedem rokov a br\u00e1nenie prem\u00e1vke s trestom od\u0148atia slobody a\u017e na dva roky. Legislat\u00edva tie\u017e roz\u0161iruje policajn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vomoci a poskytuje finan\u010dn\u00fa podporu policajtom, ktor\u00ed prekra\u010duj\u00fa svoje povinnosti. Amnesty International v reakcii na to ozna\u010dila legislat\u00edvu za \u201edrakonick\u00fa, vytv\u00e1raj\u00facu nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 prostredie a sna\u017eiacu sa uml\u010da\u0165 disent\u201c medzi environment\u00e1lnymi aktivistami, \u013eu\u010fmi \u017eij\u00facimi v chudobe a rasov\u00fdmi komunitami, aby ne\u00famerne poc\u00edtili d\u00f4sledky n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meloniho vl\u00e1da sa sna\u017e\u00ed pov\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 koncept \u201ebezpe\u010dnosti\u201c na z\u00e1kladn\u00fd politick\u00fd princ\u00edp, pri\u010dom<\/span> jadrom tohto princ\u00edpu je Decreto Legge<\/span><\/a> 48\/2025, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho sa pokojn\u00e9 protesty, pas\u00edvny odpor a blok\u00e1dy ciest\/\u017eelezn\u00edc teraz pova\u017euj\u00fa za potenci\u00e1lne trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, \u010do predstavuje posun vo \u201everejnej sf\u00e9re\u201c z priestoru pre konzult\u00e1cie do priestoru pre kontrolu, kde sa protest \u2013 zo z\u00e1kona \u2013 pova\u017euje za \u201eprobl\u00e9m verejn\u00e9ho poriadku\u201c. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytnutie finan\u010dnej ochrany a pr\u00e1vnej ochrany pol\u00edcie (napr. pr\u00e1vo na 10 000 EUR na n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vnu obhajobu) pod\u010diarkuje my\u0161lienku, ktor\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za touto legislat\u00edvou, pri\u010dom vl\u00e1da pol\u00edciu vystavuje nadmernej ochrane a rob\u00ed z nej privilegovan\u00fdch pr\u00edjemcov ochrany zo strany samotn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. V kontexte \u201eeur\u00f3pskej n\u00fadze\u201c talianska vl\u00e1da pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm be\u017enej terminol\u00f3gie ako politickej strat\u00e9gie, najm\u00e4 v \u010dasoch kr\u00edzy (politickej, ekonomickej, medzin\u00e1rodnej), nech\u00e1va Meloni priestor na ur\u00fdchlenie rozhodovacieho procesu v snahe ob\u00eds\u0165 konzult\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Taliansko v\u0161ak nie je v\u00fdnimkou, ale sk\u00f4r poukazuje na tento trend. Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1<\/span> spr\u00e1va<\/span><\/a> o pr\u00e1vnom \u0161t\u00e1te zaznamenala n\u00e1rast obmedzen\u00ed protestov vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch \u2013 od prevent\u00edvnych z\u00e1kazov a\u017e po neprimeran\u00e9 n\u00e1silie a repres\u00edvne legislat\u00edvne reformy. V Nemecku bol v Berl\u00edne zaveden\u00fd do\u010dasn\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz propalest\u00ednskych demon\u0161tr\u00e1ci\u00ed; v Est\u00f3nsku pol\u00edcia zak\u00e1zala demon\u0161tr\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 bola nesk\u00f4r ozna\u010den\u00e1 za neleg\u00e1lnu; v Belgicku boli ulo\u017een\u00e9 pokuty a administrat\u00edvne sankcie za samotn\u00e9 dr\u017eanie palest\u00ednskej vlajky, zatia\u013e \u010do v Ma\u010farsku, ktor\u00e9 je dnes uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 ako eur\u00f3psky experiment v autorit\u00e1rskych praktik\u00e1ch, bolo 15 pokusov o organizovanie protestov postupne zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch z d\u00f4vodu \u201everejnej bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c. Hoci Taliansko nie je jedin\u00e9, kto tieto praktiky zav\u00e1dza, nie je to jedin\u00e1 krajina, ktor\u00e1 \u2013 na\u0161\u0165astie \u2013 na obmedzenia reaguje. Soci\u00e1lny konflikt v Eur\u00f3pe vytv\u00e1ra paradox: zatia\u013e \u010do vl\u00e1dy \u010doraz viac obmedzuj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo na protest, soci\u00e1lna mobiliz\u00e1cia nielen pokra\u010duje, ale sa roz\u0161iruje. Eur\u00f3pa prech\u00e1dza obdob\u00edm<\/span> \u201edemokratick\u00e9ho \u00fapadku, ale aj siln\u00e9ho odporu\u201c<\/span><\/a> ; a solidarita s Gazou viedla k \u201e\u0161irokej vlne\u201c aktivizmu, ktor\u00e1 sa \u010dasto stret\u00e1va s \u201etvrd\u00fdmi represiami\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protesty napr\u00edklad mo\u017eno nezastavili genoc\u00eddu a nie je ich \u00falohou \u2013 ale \u00falohou vl\u00e1d \u2013 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 kontrolu a presadzova\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, a nie obmedzova\u0165 po\u017eiadavky a sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa vyjadruj\u00fa. Tieto \u010diny zmenili nie\u010do hlb\u0161ie, sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm be\u017en\u00ed \u013eudia vstupuj\u00fa do politiky cez mor\u00e1lny \u0161ok a znovu si n\u00e1rokuj\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za demokraciu. Hlasy z ulice s\u00fa st\u00e1le po\u010du\u0165, v\u010faka \u010domu s\u00fa demokracia a jej reflexy relevantn\u00e9 a akt\u00edvne, a to aj napriek reakci\u00e1m na jej \u00fapadok, pri\u010dom ten druh\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa sk\u00f4r t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ju chc\u00fa skorumpova\u0165, ne\u017e t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa o to sna\u017eia.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pr\u00e1vo na protest je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kame\u0148om eur\u00f3pskej demokracie. Schopnos\u0165 vyjs\u0165 do ul\u00edc a kl\u00e1s\u0165 po\u017eiadavky je podstatou demokracie \u2013 a v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nie je to dekorat\u00edvna v\u00fdsada. Naopak, je to nad\u010dasov\u00fd prostriedok na vyv\u00edjanie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":355,"featured_media":61697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21,1],"tags":[12873,17158,17159,17160,3745,7033,14000,4938,1977,1802,17161,17162,2617,3393,17163,17164,3754,17165,1155,17166,3755,17167,11834,17168,17169],"post_formats":[673],"coauthors":[4037],"class_list":["post-66452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-connecting-the-dots","category-current-affairs","category-general","tag-activism-sk","tag-authoritarian-drift","tag-civil-disobedience","tag-civil-rights","tag-democracy-sk","tag-democratic-backsliding-sk","tag-dissent-sk","tag-eu-politics-sk","tag-europe-sk","tag-european-commission-sk","tag-freedom-of-assembly","tag-gaza-protests","tag-human-rights-sk","tag-italy-sk","tag-meloni","tag-police-powers","tag-protest-sk","tag-public-order","tag-public-space-sk","tag-repression","tag-rule-of-law-sk","tag-security-policy","tag-social-movements-sk","tag-solidarity","tag-street-politics","post_formats-clanky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/355"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66452"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66514,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66452\/revisions\/66514"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66452"},{"taxonomy":"post_formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_formats?post=66452"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=66452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}