{"id":41289,"date":"2025-09-19T12:26:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T12:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/?p=41289"},"modified":"2025-09-19T12:26:34","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T12:26:34","slug":"ked-sa-mikromobilita-stretne-s-realitou-nehody-regulacie-a-klimaticke-otazniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/ked-sa-mikromobilita-stretne-s-realitou-nehody-regulacie-a-klimaticke-otazniky\/","title":{"rendered":"Ke\u010f sa mikromobilita stretne s realitou: nehody, regul\u00e1cie a klimatick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zniky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Modern\u00e9 mest\u00e1 sa \u010dasto sna\u017eia odbremeni\u0165 dopravu v centre od aut. Apeluj\u00fa pri tom na vyu\u017e\u00edvanie ekologickej\u0161ej formy dopravy, ako s\u00fa autobusy \u010di bicykle. Jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed s\u00fa aj elektronick\u00e9 kolobe\u017eke. Tie v\u0161ak so sebou okrem nov\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu prepravy, priniesli aj ist\u00e9 rizik\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Medzi v\u00fdhodami a nev\u00fdhodami elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek je tenk\u00e1 hranica. Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd \u00faspech kolobe\u017eiek v meste, vystriedali probl\u00e9my v podobe neh\u00f4d, nespr\u00e1vneho parkovania \u010di nevhodn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edvania. Syst\u00e9m zdie\u013eania je \u010dasto kritizovan\u00fd za to, \u017ee pre\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa chodn\u00edky a jazdci s\u00fa vn\u00edman\u00ed ako bezoh\u013eadn\u00ed a predstavuj\u00fa riziko pre seba i ostatn\u00fdch. Ako sa s\u00a0rizikami sna\u017eia popasova\u0165 eur\u00f3pske mest\u00e1 a\u00a0ak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy n\u00e1s \u010dakaj\u00fa v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti?<\/p>\n

Centrum Bratislavy sa v letn\u00fd ve\u010der men\u00ed\u00a0 na zhluk r\u00f4znych dopravn\u00fdch prostriedkov. Na jednej strane s\u00fa tu \u013eudia na zdie\u013ean\u00fdch e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch \u010di bicykloch, ktor\u00ed r\u00fdchlo prefr\u010dia popri kol\u00f3ne \u00e1ut, na druhej strane tu m\u00e1me chodcov, ktor\u00ed obch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pohoden\u00e9 kolobe\u017eky na chodn\u00edkoch a \u010dakaj\u00fa na autobus \u010di tax\u00edk. Zdie\u013ean\u00e1 mikro-mobilita sa v posledn\u00fdch rokoch stala symbolom modernej dopravy – ekologickej\u0161ia ne\u017e aut\u00e1, flexibilnej\u0161ia ne\u017e MHD. No z\u00e1rove\u0148 priniesla aj ot\u00e1zky o bezpe\u010dnosti, regul\u00e1cii a o tom, \u010di je v eur\u00f3pskych mest\u00e1ch na \u0148u v\u00f4bec pripraven\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Elektrick\u00e9 kolobe\u017eky \u010dasto blokuj\u00fa chodn\u00edky pre chodcov. Zdroj freepik.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(Ne)Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00a0\u010d\u00edslach <\/p>\n

Kritici \u010dasto poukazuj\u00fa<\/a> na nehody a\u00a0zranenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 elektrick\u00fdmi kolobe\u017ekami. Av\u0161ak d\u00e1ta od od Micro-Mobility for Europe<\/a> ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee v roku 2021 sa po\u010det \u00farazov potrebuj\u00facich lek\u00e1rsku pomoc zn\u00ed\u017eil, v porovnan\u00ed s rokom 2019 o 60 percent. V roku 2024 pri\u0161lo k \u010fal\u0161iemu poklesu a po\u010det zranen\u00ed sa zn\u00ed\u017eil<\/a> o 7,9 percenta na mili\u00f3n kilometrov. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v porovnan\u00ed s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim rokom sa po\u010det j\u00e1zd zv\u00fd\u0161il o \u0161tyri percent\u00e1 a celkov\u00fd po\u010det zranen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov zdie\u013ean\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek sa zn\u00ed\u017eil o \u0161tyri percentn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Rovnako klesli medzi rokmi 2021 a 2024 smrte\u013en\u00e9 nehody alebo nehody s v\u00e1\u017enym zranen\u00edm vy\u017eaduj\u00face lek\u00e1rske o\u0161etrenie o 29,8 percenta na mili\u00f3n kilometrov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee pri viac ako 80 percent\u00e1ch \u00famrt\u00ed<\/a> vodi\u010dov e-kolobe\u017eiek bolo pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 aj \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie motorov\u00e9 vozidlo. Alarmuj\u00face v\u0161ak je, \u017ee len \u0161tyri percentn\u00e1 v\u0161etk\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek malo v\u00a0\u010dase nehody na hlave prilbu.<\/p>\n

Rizikov\u00ed jazdci s\u00fa tie\u017e deti a\u00a0dospievaj\u00faci, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165<\/a> nehody na e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch ako na t\u00fdch neelektrick\u00fdch. Rovnako maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko v\u00e1\u017enych poranen\u00ed hlavy. Pri anal\u00fdze z detskej pohotovosti sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee vek zranen\u00fdch sa pohyboval od p\u00e4\u0165 do 15 rokov. Pritom mal ka\u017ed\u00fd desiaty \u017eivot ohrozuj\u00face zranenie a tretina si zlomila aspo\u0148 jednu kos\u0165. Z \u00fadajov od pacientov tie\u017e vypl\u00fdva<\/a>, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010dase nehody 42 percent det\u00ed nemalo nasaden\u00fa helmu, 36 percent prekra\u010dovalo maxim\u00e1lnu dovolen\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a\u00a0v\u00a013 percent\u00e1ch pr\u00edpadov jazdili na jednej kolobe\u017eke dve osoby.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ia \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1 analyzovala zranenie zas uk\u00e1zala<\/a>, \u017ee v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0bicyklami sa nehody sa na elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch \u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuj\u00fa cez v\u00edkendy a v s\u00favislosti s\u00a0alkoholom. Odborn\u00edci tie\u017e poukazuj\u00fa<\/a> na rizikovej\u0161ie spr\u00e1vanie jazdcov na e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0be\u017en\u00fdmi jazdcami v\u00a0mikromobilite. I\u0161lo najm\u00e4 o\u00a0nenosenie prilby (57 percent) a\u00a0pitie alkoholu pred cestou (9 percent).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jazdcov nenos\u00ed po\u010das jazdy na elektrickej kolobe\u017eke prilbu. Zdroj: pixabay.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Nov\u00e1 vlna mikromobility<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Elektrick\u00e9 kolobe\u017eky si na\u0161li svoje miesto v mnoh\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych mest\u00e1ch. Prieskum Statista Mobility Market Outlook<\/a> uk\u00e1zal prudk\u00fd n\u00e1rast u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek celosvetovo. V\u00a0roku 2018 bolo na celom svete len desa\u0165 mili\u00f3nov u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, v\u00a0roku 2022 ich bolo u\u017e 77 mili\u00f3nov a\u00a0pre rok 2025 sa o\u010dak\u00e1va 110 mili\u00f3nov fan\u00fa\u0161ikov e-kolobe\u017eiek.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk<\/a> a\u017e 16 percent obyvate\u013eov F\u00ednska a 14 percent \u0160v\u00e9dska vyu\u017eilo zdie\u013ean\u00fa kolobe\u017eku za posledn\u00fdch 12 mesiacov. V\u00a0Nemecku, Po\u013esku a\u00a0\u0160vaj\u010diarsku to bolo 12 percent obyvate\u013eov. Av\u0161ak \u010do sa t\u00fdka vlastn\u00edctva e-kolobe\u017eky, tak v\u00a0\u0161tatistik\u00e1ch<\/a> dominuj\u00fa Litov\u010dania. Takmer p\u00e4tina respondentov mala pr\u00edstup k elektrickej kolobe\u017eke vo svojej dom\u00e1cnosti. Za Litvou nasleduje \u0160panielsko a\u00a0Franc\u00fazsko.<\/p>\n

Prekvapivo sa v\u0161ak, pod\u013ea prieskumu<\/a> v Nemecku, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie e-kolobe\u017eky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na z\u00e1bavu. Na druhom mieste je alternat\u00edva k ch\u00f4dzi a potom neust\u00e1la dostupnos\u0165. \u010casto tie\u017e ide o kr\u00e1tke presuny alebo ako alternat\u00edva k verejnej doprave. Kolobe\u017eky dok\u00e1\u017eu od\u013eah\u010di\u0165 mest\u00e1 od \u00e1ut a s\u00fa r\u00fdchlou alternat\u00edvou k MHD, najm\u00e4 pri preplnen\u00fdch link\u00e1ch \u010di no\u010dn\u00fdch spojoch.<\/p>\n

Ob\u013e\u00fabenos\u0165 zdie\u013ean\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek ukazuj\u00fa<\/a> aj zisky spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ich prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00fa. Od roku 2018 id\u00fa raketovo hore a nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t ich zn\u00e1sobili. Odborn\u00edci o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee trh so zdie\u013ean\u00fdmi elektrick\u00fdmi kolobe\u017ekami v Eur\u00f3pe bude e\u0161te naras\u0165 a v roku 2025 dosiahne sumu 706,37 mili\u00f3na eur. Expandova\u0165 m\u00e1 aj \u010fal\u0161\u00edch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov s ro\u010dnou mierou rastu 4,1 percenta. V roku 2030 sa predpoklad\u00e1 objem ziskov vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 866,08 mili\u00f3na eur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kolobe\u017eky sa v\u0161ak z niektor\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych miest vytratili. Zdroj: pixabay.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Regul\u00e1cia v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3pske mest\u00e1 a \u0161t\u00e1ty si pravidl\u00e1 pre e-kolobe\u017eky rie\u0161ia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou na n\u00e1rodnej alebo lok\u00e1lnej \u00farovni. Neexistuje toti\u017e jednotn\u00e1 eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva, ktor\u00e1 by ur\u010dovala vekov\u00e9 limity, povinnos\u0165 prilieb \u010di r\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 obmedzenia. Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania zatia\u013e e-kolobe\u017eky nereguluje ako samostatn\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu, spadaj\u00fa pod v\u0161eobecn\u00fa r\u00e1mcov\u00fa smernicu o bezpe\u010dnosti vozidiel a dopravy. European Transport Safety Council v\u0161ak\u00a0apeluje<\/a> na vytvorenie jednotn\u00fdch technick\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek, vr\u00e1tane limitu r\u00fdchlosti na 20 km\/h, svetiel \u010di brzdovej v\u00fdkonnosti.<\/p>\n

Ak sa pozrieme na konkr\u00e9tne eur\u00f3pske mest\u00e1, tak zdie\u013ean\u00e9 e-kolobe\u017eky za\u010dali v roku 2023 prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t mizn\u00fa\u0165. V ten rok sa v Par\u00ed\u017ei usporiadalo<\/a> referendum, ktor\u00e9ho sa s\u00edce z\u00fa\u010dastnilo asi len 8 percent \u013eud\u00ed, ale preva\u017ene sa zhodli, \u017ee elektrick\u00e9 kolobe\u017eky v par\u00ed\u017eskych uliciach nemaj\u00fa \u010do robi\u0165. Odporcovia kritizovali nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jazdy, vysok\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 i zle parkovanie. Po demokratickom referende e-kolobe\u017eky z ul\u00edc naozaj zmizli. Kroky Par\u00ed\u017ea nasledoval aj Madrid, kde zru\u0161ili<\/a> licenciu trom prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eom e-vozidiel a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edm ju u\u017e neposkytli.<\/p>\n

Po n\u00e1raste neh\u00f4d zas v\u00a0Taliansku zaviedli<\/a> pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie pravidl\u00e1 v podobe povinn\u00fdch prilieb, zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia a eviden\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla. Tie\u017e sa zak\u00e1zalo pou\u017e\u00edvanie elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek v pe\u0161\u00edch z\u00f3nach, na cyklochodn\u00edkoch a mimo ciest. Zaviedli sa aj pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie pokuty za neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 parkovanie. Po\u017ei\u010dovne e-kolobe\u017eiek obmedzenia kritizovali a pova\u017euj\u00fa ich za pr\u00edli\u0161 pr\u00edsne. Argumentuj\u00fa pri tom t\u00fdm, \u017ee ich vozidla maj\u00fa r\u00fdchlostn\u00fd limit \u010di geolokaliz\u00e1ciu na minimalizovanie rizika zneu\u017eitia.<\/p>\n

Obmedzenia zaviedlo<\/a> aj napr\u00edklad F\u00ednsko. Zak\u00e1zali jazdy osob\u00e1m pod 15 rokov, limitovali maxim\u00e1lnu r\u00fdchlos\u0165 na 25 km\/h a\u00a0taktie\u017e zaviedli povinn\u00fa licenciu pre prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eov. Zak\u00e1za\u0165 e-kolobe\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 id\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou ako 25 km\/h sa pl\u00e1nuje aj na Slovensku. Novelu z\u00e1kona predlo\u017eilo Ministerstvo vn\u00fatra SR a\u00a0v\u00a0pr\u00edpade schv\u00e1lenia by pravidl\u00e1 mali za\u010da\u0165 plati\u0165 u\u017e od 1. decembra 2025.<\/p>\n

Ekologick\u00fd paradox <\/p>\n

Kolobe\u017eky sa \u010dasto prezentuj\u00fa ako ekologick\u00e1 alternat\u00edva ku klasick\u00e9mu cestovaniu. No v\u00fdskumy nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee nemusia by\u0165 a\u017e tak ve\u013emi prospe\u0161n\u00e9 k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu. V prvom rade ide o \u017eivotnos\u0165 zdie\u013ean\u00fdch e-kolobe\u017eiek, ktor\u00e1 je \u010dasto v\u00fdrazne skr\u00e1ten\u00e1<\/a> vandalizmom \u010di nespr\u00e1vnym zach\u00e1dzan\u00edm. Aj v\u00fdroba l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed je energicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1<\/a> a\u00a0spojen\u00e1 s \u0165a\u017ebou surov\u00edn ako l\u00edtium, kobalt \u010di nikel. Okrem environment\u00e1lnej stopy pri \u0165a\u017ebe, ako napr\u00edklad degrad\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy \u010di nedostatku vody, s\u00fa tu aj etick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Problematick\u00e1 je aj logistika a nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek, ke\u010f\u017ee sa \u010dasto zbieraj\u00fa dod\u00e1vkami, aby sa dobili alebo rozmiestnili sp\u00e4\u0165 do ul\u00edc. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu v mest\u00e1ch paradoxne prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa viac emisi\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci v roku 2019 pouk\u00e1zali<\/a> na vplyv t\u00fdchto vozidiel na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie v s\u00favislosti s ich \u017eivotnos\u0165ou a prev\u00e1dzkou. Zistili, \u017ee e-kolobe\u017eky maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vplyv na glob\u00e1lne otep\u013eovanie ako pou\u017e\u00edvanie autobusu s vysok\u00fdm po\u010dtom cestuj\u00facich \u010di bicykla.<\/p>\n

Do \u00favahy treba bra\u0165 aj sp\u00f4soby dopravy, ktor\u00e9 nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Prieskum<\/a> v Portlande v Oregone uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee ak by \u013eudia nemali k dispoz\u00edcii e-kolobe\u017eku, tak by sa v \u00f4smich percent\u00e1ch na cestu nevydali v\u00f4bec, 10 percent \u013eud\u00ed by vyu\u017eilo auto, 36 percent by \u0161lo pe\u0161o a 45 percent na bicykli. Pr\u00e1ve nahr\u00e1dzanie ch\u00f4dze alebo cestu MHD najm\u00e4 na kr\u00e1tke vzdialenosti rovnako negat\u00edvne vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zal aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum<\/a>, kde by a\u017e 44 percent \u013eud\u00ed i\u0161lo pe\u0161o, ak by nemali k dispoz\u00edcii zdie\u013ean\u00fa kolobe\u017eku.<\/p>\n

Ak teda do \u00favahy zapo\u010d\u00edtavame ich v\u00fdrobu, \u017eivotnos\u0165 a logistiku spojen\u00fa so zberom a nab\u00edjan\u00edm, ich uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa nemus\u00ed by\u0165 tak priazniv\u00e1, ako sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zd\u00e1. Kolobe\u017eky sa stali symbolom modernej mobility, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 odhalili slabiny miest. Ich bud\u00facnos\u0165 preto z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, \u010di sa mest\u00e1 nau\u010dia integrova\u0165 ich do dopravn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu tak, aby boli pr\u00ednosom a nie prek\u00e1\u017ekou. Ot\u00e1zkou zost\u00e1va aj regul\u00e1cia na celoeur\u00f3pskej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Modern\u00e9 mest\u00e1 sa \u010dasto sna\u017eia odbremeni\u0165 dopravu v centre od aut. Apeluj\u00fa pri tom na vyu\u017e\u00edvanie ekologickej\u0161ej formy dopravy, ako s\u00fa autobusy \u010di bicykle. Jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed s\u00fa aj elektronick\u00e9 kolobe\u017eke. Tie v\u0161ak so sebou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":436,"featured_media":41264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[7693,7694,5065,1977,896],"post_formats":[673],"coauthors":[4036],"class_list":["post-41289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-data-sk","tag-e-scooters-sk","tag-ecology-sk","tag-europe-sk","tag-legislation-sk","post_formats-clanky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/436"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41289"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49702,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41289\/revisions\/49702"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41289"},{"taxonomy":"post_formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_formats?post=41289"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=41289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}