{"id":31961,"date":"2025-09-18T13:17:19","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T13:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/?p=31961"},"modified":"2025-09-22T13:26:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T13:26:22","slug":"svetelne-znecistenie-neviditelny-problem-modernych-miest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/svetelne-znecistenie-neviditelny-problem-modernych-miest\/","title":{"rendered":"Sveteln\u00e9 zne\u010distenie: Nevidite\u013en\u00fd probl\u00e9m modern\u00fdch miest"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Svetlo n\u00e1m prinieslo bezpe\u010die, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 berie tmu noci zvierat\u00e1m i \u013eu\u010fom. Sveteln\u00e9 zne\u010distenie ohrozuje pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 cykly, ni\u010d\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a vyh\u00e1\u0148a hviezdy z na\u0161ej oblohy. Zmena je pritom mo\u017en\u00e1, sta\u010d\u00ed za\u010da\u0165 svieti\u0165 zodpovedne.<\/p>\n

\u017divotn\u00e9 prostredie aktu\u00e1lne z\u00e1pas\u00ed s r\u00f4znymi druhmi zne\u010distenia, pri\u010dom jedn\u00fdm z nich je paradoxne menej vidite\u013en\u00e9, sveteln\u00e9 zne\u010distenie. To vznik\u00e1<\/a> vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm umel\u00e9ho svetla vysokej intenzity, \u010dasto s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm jasom ako je potrebn\u00e9 \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u0161kodliv\u00fdch sveteln\u00fdch farieb, ako je osvetlenie vy\u017earuj\u00face kr\u00e1tkymi optick\u00fdmi vlnov\u00fdmi d\u013a\u017ekami (modr\u00e9 svetlo).<\/p>\n

Rovnako v\u0161ak k\u00a0nemu doch\u00e1dza<\/a> pri nevhodnom smerovan\u00ed svetla, ako je do neba, do vo\u013enej krajiny alebo do okien \u013eud\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va aj nastavenie osvetlenia, tam kde je potrebn\u00e9 a naopak potreba ho obmedzi\u0165, kde ho potreba nie je. Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 osvetlenie gu\u013eov\u00e9ho tvaru, pri ktorom sa vyu\u017e\u00edva len mal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 a zvy\u0161ok je plytvanie energiou \u010di nasvietenie reklamn\u00fdch billboardov zdola s presahom do neba.<\/p>\n

\u017dlt\u00e9 vs. modr\u00e9 svetlo: Viac ne\u017e len farba<\/h3>\n

Nie v\u0161etky sveteln\u00e9 zdroje zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00fa oblohu rovnako. Rozdiel je najm\u00e4 v\u202ftom, ak\u00e9 farebn\u00e9 spektrum vy\u017earuj\u00fa. Zistilo sa, \u017ee naj\u0161etrnej\u0161ie s\u00fa n\u00edzkotlakov\u00e9 sod\u00edkov\u00e9 v\u00fdbojky, ktor\u00e9 svietia oran\u017eovo-\u017elt\u00fdm svetlom. Nasleduj\u00fa vysokotlakov\u00e9 sod\u00edkov\u00e9 v\u00fdbojky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa o nie\u010do bel\u0161ie, ale st\u00e1le relat\u00edvne \u0161etrn\u00e9. Na opa\u010dnej strane spektra stoja zdroje s vysok\u00fdm podielom modr\u00e9ho svetla, kam patria hlavne biele LED di\u00f3dy. Tie s\u00fa s\u00edce energeticky efekt\u00edvne, ale vy\u017earuj\u00fa svetlo v\u202fmodrom p\u00e1sme, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv na no\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Studen\u00e9 modr\u00e9 svetlo ovplyv\u0148uje \u017eivot \u013eud\u00ed i zvierat. Zdroj: freepik.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Modern\u00e9 mest\u00e1 \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na LED osvetlenie, ktor\u00e9 vyd\u00e1va modrast\u00e9, chladn\u00e9 svetlo. Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj hlavn\u00e9 mesto Slovenska, Bratislava<\/a>. Mesto si od zmeny s\u013eubuje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 poruchovos\u0165, ako aj energetick\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 osvetlenia. Av\u0161ak rozdiel medzi LED osvetlen\u00edm a star\u0161\u00edm sod\u00edkov\u00fdm lamp\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 \u017eiaria typick\u00fdm \u017elt\u00fdm n\u00e1dychom, je nielen vo vzh\u013eade, ale aj vo vplyvoch na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Posvie\u0165me si na negat\u00edvne vplyvy<\/h3>\n

Siln\u00e9 umel\u00e9 svetlo ovplyv\u0148uje rastliny, \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy a\u00a0nar\u00fa\u0161a aj n\u00e1\u0161 biorytmus. Takzvan\u00e9 \u201esveteln\u00e9 kupoly\u201c<\/em> je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikova\u0165<\/a> pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch mest\u00e1ch a\u00a0\u010dasto sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj do prirodzene tmav\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00ed, ako s\u00fa r\u00f4zne chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 oblasti. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom je naru\u0161enie n\u00e1\u0161ho cirkadi\u00e1nneho re\u017eimu<\/a>, \u010do je 24 hodinov\u00fd cyklus v\u00a0na\u0161om tele, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje cyklus sp\u00e1nku a bdenia, telesn\u00fa teplotu, hladiny horm\u00f3nov, krvn\u00fd tlak a\u00a0tr\u00e1venie. Pr\u00e1ve zavedenie<\/a> umel\u00e9ho osvetlenia a\u00a0nedostatok tmy vedie k\u00a0jeho naru\u0161eniu a\u00a0men\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00fd cyklus.<\/p>\n

Umel\u00e9 svetlo negat\u00edvne p\u00f4sob\u00ed aj na zvierat\u00e1 a rastliny, pri\u010dom men\u00ed ich ekosyst\u00e9m. Vedci upozornili<\/a> na viacer\u00e9 pr\u00edpady, kedy uhynuli s\u0165ahovav\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky v\u00a0okol\u00ed\u00a0 vysoko osvetlen\u00e9ho prostredia \u010di uhynuli vyliahnut\u00e9 korytna\u010dky, ktor\u00e9 boli dezorientovan\u00e9 svetlom na pl\u00e1\u017ei. Nedostatok tmy v noci sp\u00f4sobuje<\/a> probl\u00e9my aj \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchom, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa akt\u00edvne najm\u00e4 v\u00a0noci.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Svetl\u00e1 z v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch miest sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj do prirodzene tmav\u00e9ho prostredia. Zdroj: freepik.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Vedci tie\u017e upozor\u0148uj\u00fa<\/a> na \u00fahyn viac ako 75 percent hmyzu za posledn\u00fdch 27 rokov. Za probl\u00e9mov stoj\u00ed aj umel\u00e9 svetlo v noci, ktor\u00e9 nar\u00fa\u0161a ich ekosyst\u00e9m. Hmyz sa preto nem\u00f4\u017ee rozmno\u017eova\u0165 \u010di s\u00fa \u013eahk\u00fdm cie\u013eom pred\u00e1torov. \u00a0Rastliny s\u00fa zas z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na d\u013a\u017eke denn\u00e9ho svetla a jeho naru\u0161enie no\u010dn\u00fdm osvetlen\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok napr\u00edklad neskor\u00fd opad listov alebo skor\u00fd rast rastl\u00edn na jar.<\/p>\n

Svieti\u0165 treba na cestu, nie na hviezdy<\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00fdm zo z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed<\/a> vedcov, ako sa popasova\u0165 s problematikou no\u010dn\u00e9ho svietenia a ochrany tohto prostredia, je svieti\u0165 iba tam kde je to potrebn\u00e9 a len to\u013eko, ako je nevyhnutn\u00e9. Pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 sa maj\u00fa \u00fasporn\u00e9 sveteln\u00e9 zdroje, ako s\u00fa tzv. n\u00edzkotlakov\u00e9 sod\u00edkov\u00e9 v\u00fdbojky, ktor\u00e9 svietia s\u00fdtym oran\u017eov\u00fdm svetlom. Pozor si treba da\u0165 aj na osvetlenie budov \u010di rekl\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 by\u0165 zhora nadol. Pri tom je potrebn\u00e9 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, aby sveteln\u00fd ku\u017ee\u013e z reflektoru mieril mimo obrys budovy.<\/p>\n

Pripomienkou sveteln\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia prostredia je aj celosvetov\u00e1 kampa\u0148 Hodina Zeme. Projekt sa kon\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dne v posledn\u00fa marcov\u00fa sobotu, kedy sa na hodinu vypn\u00fa v\u0161etky svetl\u00e1. \u201eVypnutie osvetlenia je symbolick\u00e9 a vyjadruje na\u0161u spolo\u010dn\u00fa vieru v pozit\u00edvnu zmenu,\u201c<\/em> ozrejmili<\/a> organiz\u00e1tori.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mapa sveteln\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia. Zdroj: Globe at Night<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zne\u010distenie si pri tom m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudia odmera\u0165 jednoducho aj sami, pomocou projektu Globe at Night,<\/a> ktor\u00fd sa venuje monitorovaniu sveteln\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia po celom svete a to aj bez teleskopu. Sta\u010d\u00ed sa pozrie\u0165 na oblohu a nahl\u00e1si\u0165, ko\u013eko hviezd je vidite\u013en\u00fdch. \u013dudia zo 180 kraj\u00edn sveta za posledn\u00fdch 14 rokov vykonali vy\u0161e 200.000 meran\u00ed a \u00fadaje s\u00fa vo\u013ene dostupn\u00e9 v interakt\u00edvnej mape<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Svetlo n\u00e1m prinieslo bezpe\u010die, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 berie tmu noci zvierat\u00e1m i \u013eu\u010fom. Sveteln\u00e9 zne\u010distenie ohrozuje pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 cykly, ni\u010d\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a vyh\u00e1\u0148a hviezdy z na\u0161ej oblohy. Zmena je pritom mo\u017en\u00e1, sta\u010d\u00ed za\u010da\u0165 svieti\u0165 zodpovedne. \u017divotn\u00e9 prostredie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":436,"featured_media":50713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[722],"tags":[5310,4430,5313,4431,4432,5311,5312,4433],"post_formats":[673],"coauthors":[4036],"class_list":["post-31961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualne-dianie","tag-led","tag-modre-sk","tag-prostredie","tag-svetelne-sk","tag-svetlo-sk","tag-vplyv","tag-zivotne","tag-znecistenie-sk","post_formats-clanky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/436"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31961"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49189,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31961\/revisions\/49189"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31961"},{"taxonomy":"post_formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_formats?post=31961"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=31961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}