{"id":11737,"date":"2025-06-13T15:22:58","date_gmt":"2025-06-13T15:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/?p=11737"},"modified":"2025-06-13T15:24:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T15:24:28","slug":"taliansko-na-volbach-tiche-referendum-v-roku-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/taliansko-na-volbach-tiche-referendum-v-roku-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Taliansko na vo\u013eb\u00e1ch: Tich\u00e9 referendum v roku 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"attachment_3931\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 983px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3931 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/COVER-2-scaled.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 973px) 100vw, 973px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/COVER-2-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/COVER-2-768x230.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/COVER-2-1536x461.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/COVER-2-2048x614.png 2048w\" alt=\"Kompletn\u00e1 ilustr\u00e1cia od Yorgosa KaragiorgosaN\u00e1zov: \u201eNevid\u00edm \u017eiadne referendum, nepo\u010dujem \u017eiadne referendum, nehovor\u00edm o referende\u201c Vizu\u00e1lna kritika uml\u010diavania demokracie prostredn\u00edctvom ikonografie Giorgie Meloni.\" width=\"973\" height=\"292\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3931\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3931\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Kompletn\u00e1 ilustr\u00e1cia od Yorgosa Karagiorgosa N\u00e1zov: \u201e\u017diadne referendum nevid\u00edm, \u017eiadne referendum nepo\u010dujem, \u017eiadne referendum nehovor\u00edm\u201c Vizu\u00e1lna kritika uml\u010diavania demokracie prostredn\u00edctvom ikonografie Giorgie Meloni.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1> <strong>Taliansko na vo\u013eb\u00e1ch: Tich\u00e9 referendum<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h3> <strong>Referendum, o ktorom nikto nehovor\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Za\u010diatkom j\u00fana 2025 sa Taliansko obr\u00e1tilo na volebn\u00e9 urny v politickej sk\u00fa\u0161ke, v \u010dase, ke\u010f \u0161t\u00e1t \u017eiada svoje jadro, svojich ob\u010danov, aby poskytli odpovede na ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 sa dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa jadra ich soci\u00e1lnej identity a pracovn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Referendum 8. a 9. j\u00fana sa v\u0161ak konalo v relat\u00edvnej tichosti, pri\u010dom vl\u00e1da Giorgie Meloni zostala ml\u010danliv\u00e1<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(4).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Referendum pozost\u00e1valo zo zoznamu ot\u00e1zok, ktor\u00e9 sa mali prerokova\u0165, pri\u010dom \u0161tyri ot\u00e1zky sa t\u00fdkali pr\u00e1ce a jedna ob\u010dianstva. Tieto ot\u00e1zky vyniesli do popredia k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 sa dot\u00fdkali citliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed talianskej spolo\u010dnosti, ako napr\u00edklad kto m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo by\u0165 Talianom a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa hranice pr\u00e1vomoci zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov. Konkr\u00e9tnej\u0161ie sa nastolila ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed\u017eenia po\u010dtu rokov pobytu z 10 na 5 na udelenie ob\u010dianstva obyvate\u013eom mimo Eur\u00f3py, \u010d\u00edm sa do popredia dostali soci\u00e1lne skupiny, ako s\u00fa imigranti a druh\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia \u017eij\u00faca v krajine<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2025\/jun\/05\/italy-citizenship-referendum-government-italians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(6).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ticho okolo tohto referenda bolo v\u00fdsledkom vopred ozn\u00e1menej strat\u00e9gie zni\u017eovania vidite\u013enosti, bez kampan\u00ed, verejn\u00fdch v\u00fdziev alebo in\u00fdch v\u00fdziev verejnosti. Posolstvo, aj ke\u010f nepriame, bolo jasn\u00e9: zdr\u017eanie sa hlasovania. Pod\u013ea profesora Roberta D&#39;Alimonteho z LUISS mala n\u00edzka \u00fa\u010das\u0165 menej ako 50+1 % tie\u017e za cie\u013e zneplatni\u0165 v\u00fdsledok<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(4)<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 810px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3936\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fddd2de_ftp-import-images-1-pocmbolar0n3-2025-06-08t065150z-1546066161-rc25yeaz2qlw-rtrmadp-3-italy-referendum.avif\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fddd2de_ftp-import-images-1-pocmbolar0n3-2025-06-08t065150z-1546066161-rc25yeaz2qlw-rtrmadp-3-italy-referendum.avif 800w, https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fddd2de_ftp-import-images-1-pocmbolar0n3-2025-06-08t065150z-1546066161-rc25yeaz2qlw-rtrmadp-3-italy-referendum-768x513.avif 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3936\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3936\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Osoba hlasuje po\u010das referenda o zamestnanosti a talianskom ob\u010dianstve vo volebnej miestnosti v R\u00edme v Taliansku 8. j\u00fana 2025. MATTEO MINNELLA \/ REUTERS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do 23:00 8. j\u00fana bola volebn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na historickom minime 22,7 %. V Alto Adige sotva dosiahla 10 %, zatia\u013e \u010do Tosk\u00e1nsko viedlo s takmer 30 %. N\u00edzka verejn\u00e1 vidite\u013enos\u0165 referenda o ot\u00e1zkach, ako je kto sa pova\u017euje za ob\u010dana a \u010di mo\u017eno prepusti\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov prostredn\u00edctvom textovej spr\u00e1vy, riskuje, \u017ee zostane nepov\u0161imnut\u00e1<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/italy-referendum-vote-citizenship-labor-law-meloni-government-opposition-d2c2b8ccfa96d27ab759cce2b4d72389\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(13).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V s\u00favisiacom \u010dl\u00e1nku Valigie Blu patria abroga\u010dn\u00e9 referend\u00e1 (referendum abrogativo) medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie demokratick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 \u00faspechy talianskej spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 viedli k historick\u00fdm rev\u00edzi\u00e1m, ako je zru\u0161enie monarchie a ochrana pr\u00e1va na rozvod. Samozrejme, v posledn\u00fdch rokoch bol tento n\u00e1stroj soci\u00e1lnych reforiem brzden\u00fd percentami voli\u010dov a \u013eahostajnos\u0165ou vo\u010di politickej \u00fa\u010dasti<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.valigiablu.it\/referendum-cittadinanza-quesiti-cosa-cambia\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(12).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meloni predt\u00fdm ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee nebude voli\u0165, \u017ee p\u00f4jde k volebn\u00fdm urn\u00e1m bez toho, aby dostala volebn\u00fd l\u00edstok, \u010d\u00edm sa zapojila do in\u0161titucion\u00e1lneho bojkotu pod z\u00e1mienkou individu\u00e1lnej vo\u013eby. V st\u00e1vke je ve\u013ea a postoj vl\u00e1dy je jasn\u00fd v situ\u00e1cii nepriamej kontroly nad ob\u010dianstvom \u2013 alebo nie \u2013 1,4 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich v Taliansku<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/italy-opens-way-referendum-easing-citizenship-rules-2024-09-24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/lespresso.it\/c\/politica\/2025\/6\/10\/affluenza-referendum-regioni-risultati\/54863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(11)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slobodenpecat.mk\/en\/meloni-gi-povika-italijancite-da-go-bojkotiraat-referendumot-za-steknuvanje-drzhavjanstvo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(10)<\/a> <strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Identita, integr\u00e1cia a nov\u00e9 Taliansko<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ako sa definuje ob\u010dianstvo v \u00e9re migra\u010dn\u00fdch tokov, etnokult\u00farnej zlo\u017eitosti a starn\u00facej popul\u00e1cie? (Mackay, 2025). N\u00e1vrh na zn\u00ed\u017eenie po\u010dtu rokov leg\u00e1lneho pobytu potrebn\u00fdch na z\u00edskanie ob\u010dianstva z 10 na 5 je plne v s\u00falade s eur\u00f3pskymi postupmi. Vo Franc\u00fazsku a Nemecku sa vy\u017eaduje 5 rokov, rovnako ako v Belgicku. Taliansko napriek tomu, \u017ee ka\u017edoro\u010dne ude\u013euje st\u00e1tis\u00edce ob\u010dianstva, si udr\u017eiava pomal\u00fd byrokratick\u00fd mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd proces zdr\u017eiava o 2 \u2013 3 roky, aj ke\u010f s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 v\u0161etky krit\u00e9ri\u00e1<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/italy-opens-way-referendum-easing-citizenship-rules-2024-09-24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demografick\u00fd argument v prospech inkluz\u00edvnej\u0161ej politiky jasne uviedli ekon\u00f3movia a think tanky, ktor\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 integr\u00e1cia existuj\u00facich imigrantov povedie k \u0165a\u017ekostiam v soci\u00e1lnom a ekonomickom rozvoji (Reuters, 9. j\u00fana 2025). Organiz\u00e1cie ako Oxfam Italia a ActionAid, politick\u00e9 skupiny ako +Europa a Partito Socialista Italiano, hlasno presadzuj\u00fa pozit\u00edvny v\u00fdsledok tohto referenda a uznaj\u00fa ob\u010dianstvo ako n\u00e1stroj a f\u00e1zu integr\u00e1cie pre tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed a det\u00ed, ktor\u00ed zdie\u013eaj\u00fa taliansku kult\u00faru, ale na papieri zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa cudzincami<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/low-turnout-set-thwart-moves-ease-italian-citizenship-rules-2025-06-09\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(8).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Postoj vl\u00e1dy bojkotova\u0165 referendum a pova\u017eova\u0165 ho za nie\u010do druhorad\u00e9 a zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 nie je len bodom, ktor\u00fd sa odchy\u013euje od ideologick\u00e9ho spektra vl\u00e1dy, ale mohol by tie\u017e predefinova\u0165 nielen to, kto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 Talian, ale aj to, kto m\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, a teda sa politicky vyjadruje<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slobodenpecat.mk\/en\/meloni-gi-povika-italijancite-da-go-bojkotiraat-referendumot-za-steknuvanje-drzhavjanstvo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(10)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/pagellapolitica.it\/articoli\/referendum-giugno-cittadinanza-lavoro-posizioni-partiti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(7).<\/a> <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 780px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3937\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2025-06-06T060038Z_1022468282_RC2TVEA4IU5H_RTRMADP_3_ITALY-REFERENDUM-1749355538.webp\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2025-06-06T060038Z_1022468282_RC2TVEA4IU5H_RTRMADP_3_ITALY-REFERENDUM-1749355538.webp 770w, https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2025-06-06T060038Z_1022468282_RC2TVEA4IU5H_RTRMADP_3_ITALY-REFERENDUM-1749355538-768x512.webp 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3937\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3937\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Osoba hlasuje po\u010das referenda o zamestnanosti a talianskom ob\u010dianstve vo volebnej miestnosti v R\u00edme v Taliansku 8. j\u00fana 2025. MATTEO MINNELLA \/ REUTERS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3> <strong>Boj za pr\u00e1va pracovn\u00edkov<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Referendum sa medzit\u00fdm zameralo na pracovn\u00fa krajinu v krajine, ktor\u00e1 prech\u00e1dza ekonomick\u00fdmi \u00fasporn\u00fdmi opatreniami a politick\u00fdmi reformami, pri\u010dom \u0161tyri z piatich ot\u00e1zok sa t\u00fdkali tejto problematiky. Ot\u00e1zky boli v podstate zameran\u00e9 na zru\u0161enie ustanoven\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 schv\u00e1lili najm\u00e4 vl\u00e1dy Mattea Renziho a Maria Draghiho \u2013 ustanoven\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 boli nepriazniv\u00e9 pre pracovn\u00edkov, d\u00e1vali zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom nadmern\u00e9 pr\u00e1vomoci, u\u013eah\u010dovali prep\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie pracovn\u00edkov, umo\u017e\u0148ovali \u201eparaleln\u00e9 zmluvy\u201c a relativizovali zodpovednos\u0165 za pracovn\u00e9 \u00farazy. Takzvan\u00fd \u201ez\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00fdch miestach\u201c a najm\u00e4 zavedenie \u201econtratto a tutele crescenti\u201c prostredn\u00edctvom legislat\u00edvneho dekr\u00e9tu 23\/2015, propagovali flexibilitu ako synonymum rastu, ale v praxi viedli mnoh\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov k neistote s do\u010dasn\u00fdmi zamestnaniami a n\u00edzko platen\u00fdmi poz\u00edciami<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/ilmanifesto.it\/sei-quesiti-dal-jobs-act-alla-cittadinanza-in-arrivo-una-primavera-referendaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(3)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(4).<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Z iniciat\u00edvy odborov\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zu CGIL bola spusten\u00e1 pet\u00edcia za obnovenie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch princ\u00edpov s cie\u013eom zastavi\u0165 \u201ederegul\u00e1ciu\u201c sp\u00f4soben\u00fa t\u00fdmito ustanoveniami, so zameran\u00edm na pr\u00e1vo na op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 prijatie do zamestnania v pr\u00edpadoch nespravodliv\u00e9ho prepustenia. Z\u00e1stancovia zru\u0161enia po\u017eadovali nov\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu medzi flexibilitou a istotou, medzi ekonomickou efekt\u00edvnos\u0165ou a \u013eudskou d\u00f4stojnos\u0165ou<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2025\/jun\/05\/italy-citizenship-referendum-government-italians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(6)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(4)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slobodenpecat.mk\/en\/meloni-gi-povika-italijancite-da-go-bojkotiraat-referendumot-za-steknuvanje-drzhavjanstvo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(10).<\/a><\/p>\n<h3> <em><strong>Podmienen\u00e1 demokracia<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zaobch\u00e1dzanie Meloniho vl\u00e1dy s ob\u010danmi bolo sk\u00f4r v s\u00falade so \u0161ir\u0161ou atmosf\u00e9rou ignorovania ich \u00fastavn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, nie prostredn\u00edctvom z\u00e1kazov, ale prostredn\u00edctvom z\u013eah\u010dovania problematiky a procesu v snahe zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 akejko\u013evek \u00fa\u010dasti, ktor\u00e1 by vytvorila fait accompli mimo dominantnej ideologickej l\u00ednie. Referendum o ob\u010dianstve a pracovn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vach sa tak stalo sk\u00fa\u0161kou lojality nie vo\u010di in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1m, ale vo\u010di samotnej vl\u00e1de. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa odv\u00e1\u017eili z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165, boli ozna\u010den\u00ed za probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed \u201epohodln\u00e9ho\u201c status quo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee Taliansko si udr\u017eiava jednu z najbyrokratickej\u0161\u00edch ciest k ob\u010dianstvu v Eur\u00f3pe, zatia\u013e \u010do samotn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da obhajuje syst\u00e9m ako \u201eotvoren\u00fd\u201c a \u201espravodliv\u00fd\u201c, \u010do s\u00fa postoje, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v rozpore so skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou, \u017ee tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed \u010dakaj\u00fa roky na udelenie ob\u010dianstva<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/italy-opens-way-referendum-easing-citizenship-rules-2024-09-24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2)<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. V be\u017enej re\u010di, rovnako ako v\u00fdsledok, aj in\u0161titucion\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup vl\u00e1dy k tomuto procesu sved\u010d\u00ed o demokratickej kachexii, kde sa uprednost\u0148uje tich\u00fd s\u00fahlas pred dial\u00f3gom, \u010d\u00edm sa pas\u00edvne prijatie autority men\u00ed na normu, kde sa podkop\u00e1va a znehodnocuje podstatn\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanos\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Napriek jasn\u00e9mu hlasovaniu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny v prospech referend, ktor\u00e1 hlasovala \u201eza\u201c a dosiahla 85 % \u2013 88 % v pracovn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach a 62 % v n\u00e1vrhu na zn\u00ed\u017eenie po\u010dtu rokov potrebn\u00fdch na z\u00edskanie ob\u010dianstva, bol v\u00fdsledok nakoniec vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za neplatn\u00fd kv\u00f4li volebnej \u00fa\u010dasti pod 30 %, \u010do je \u010faleko od po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho prahu 50 % + 1. Vl\u00e1da Giorgie Meloni sa rozhodla interpretova\u0165 zdr\u017eanie sa hlasovania ako v\u00ed\u0165azstvo s t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u201ejedin\u00fdm skuto\u010dn\u00fdm cie\u013eom tohto referenda bolo zvrhn\u00fa\u0165 vl\u00e1du. Nakoniec v\u0161ak Taliani hlasovali za zvrhnutie opoz\u00edcie\u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifo.gr\/now\/world\/italia-akyra-ta-dimopsifismata-gia-ergasiaka-kai-ypikootita\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(5).<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tento postoj predstavuje in\u0161trumentaliz\u00e1ciu \u00fastavn\u00e9ho mechanizmu na komunika\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a odr\u00e1\u017ea pokus o diskredit\u00e1ciu \u00fa\u010dasti verejnosti prostredn\u00edctvom z\u00e1mern\u00e9ho in\u0161titucion\u00e1lneho ml\u010dania a zneva\u017eovania. R\u00e9torika v\u00ed\u0165azstva procesu, ktor\u00fd bol vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za neplatn\u00fd, nie je len politick\u00fdm man\u00e9vrom, ale aj jasn\u00fdm potvrden\u00edm demokratickej mal\u00e1tnosti, ktor\u00e1 sa ujala v modernom Taliansku, pri\u010dom volebn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo sa stalo sk\u00f4r sk\u00fa\u0161kou stran\u00edckej lojality ako n\u00e1strojom politick\u00e9ho vyjadrenia<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(4)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2025\/jun\/05\/italy-citizenship-referendum-government-italians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(6)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/italy-opens-way-referendum-easing-citizenship-rules-2024-09-24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2)<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/lespresso.it\/c\/politica\/2025\/6\/10\/affluenza-referendum-regioni-risultati\/54863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(11)<\/a> . <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 378px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3938 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/GtAwhivXoAASgSO.jpeg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/GtAwhivXoAASgSO.jpeg 1080w, https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/GtAwhivXoAASgSO-768x960.jpeg 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"368\" height=\"460\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3938\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3938\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Preklad: \u201eTaliani sa rozhodli: ob\u010dianstvo nie je dar. \u013davica sa s t\u00fdm bude musie\u0165 vyrovna\u0165.\u201c \u201eQuante volte ancora volete sentirvelo ripetere?\u201c<br \/> (Ko\u013ekokr\u00e1t to e\u0161te potrebuje\u0161 po\u010du\u0165?)<br \/> \u2014 Fratelli d&#39;Italia, v oslavnom pr\u00edspevku po v\u00fdsledkoch referenda<br \/> Zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/FratellidItalia\/status\/1932097598342537643\">https:\/\/x.com\/FratellidItalia\/status\/1932097598342537643<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3> <b>Referencie:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Corriere della Sera.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2025, 8. j\u00fana).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Referendum: afluenza bassa, verso il flop. Meloni: Non ritiro la scheda.<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.corriere.it\/politica\/25_giugno_02\/meloni-ai-referendum-vado-al-seggio-ma-non-ritiro-le-schede-b8015506-c6f8-44de-8a1f-598c42195xlk.shtml<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Di Donfrancesco, M.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(24. septembra 2024).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taliansko otv\u00e1ra cestu referendu o zmiernen\u00ed pravidiel pre ob\u010dianstvo<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Reuters. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/italy-opens-way-referendum-easing-citizenship-rules-2024-09-24\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Il Manifesto.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2025, j\u00fan).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00fdch miestach a zru\u0161en\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1: \u010dosa dicono a quesiti referendari<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/ilmanifesto.it\/sei-quesiti-dal-jobs-act-alla-cittadinanza-in-arrivo-una-primavera-referendaria<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Kazmin, A.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(8. j\u00fana 2025).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taliansko organizuje nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 referend\u00e1 o ob\u010dianstve a pracovn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vach<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Times<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/434eadd2-21bc-4ca2-9b04-a246fc229d6b<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Redakcia LiFO.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2025, 9. j\u00fana).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1: \u0386\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u2013 \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u2013 \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03f7%\u03c0 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LiFO.gr.<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200bhttps:\/\/www.lifo.gr\/now\/world\/italia-akyra-ta-dimopsifismata-gia-ergasiaka-kai-ypikootita<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Mackay, J.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5. j\u00fana 2025).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Referendum o ob\u010dianstve v Taliansku by mohlo krajinu urobi\u0165 spravodlivej\u0161ou. Je z\u00e1zrak, \u017ee sa v\u00f4bec deje<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2025\/jun\/05\/italy-citizenship-referendum-government-italians<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Pagella Politica.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2025, j\u00fan).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Referendum: le posizioni dei partiti e cosa succede se non si raggiunge il quorum<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/pagellapolitica.it\/articoli\/referendum-giugno-cittadinanza-lavoro-posizioni-partiti<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Reuters.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(9. j\u00fana 2025).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00edzka volebn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010das\u0165 pravdepodobne zmar\u00ed snahy o zmiernenie pravidiel pre talianske ob\u010dianstvo<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/low-turnout-set-thwart-moves-ease-italian-citizenship-rules-2025-06-09<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Reuters.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(10. j\u00fana 2025).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ne\u00faspech talianskeho referenda posil\u0148uje Meloniho a odha\u013euje rozpory v ot\u00e1zke \u013eavicov\u00e9ho ob\u010dianstva<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/italys-referendum-flop-bolsters-meloni-reveals-divide-left-over-citizenship-2025-06-10\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Slobodn\u00e1 tla\u010d.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(8. j\u00fana 2025).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meloni vyz\u00fdva Talianov, aby bojkotovali referendum o ob\u010dianstve<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.slobodenpecat.mk\/en\/meloni-gi-povika-italijancite-da-go-bojkotiraat-referendumot-za-steknuvanje-dr\u017ehavjanstvo\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Tortorelli, G.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2025, 10. j\u00fan).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Affluenza a percentuali del s\u00ec regione per regione: ecco tutti a risultati dei referendum di 8 e 9 giugno<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#39;Espresso<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/lespresso.it\/c\/politica\/2025\/6\/10\/affluenza-referendum-regioni-risultati\/54863<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Tiberio, L.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2025, 6. j\u00fana).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perch\u00e9 il referendum sulla cittadinanza \u00e8 importante<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valigia Blu<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.valigiablu.it\/referendum-cittadinanza-quesiti-cosa-cambia\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>Zampano, G.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(9. j\u00fana 2025).<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Talianske referendum o ob\u010dianstve a ochrane pracovn\u00fdch miest zlyhalo pre n\u00edzku volebn\u00fa \u00fa\u010das\u0165<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Associated Press<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/italy-referendum-vote-citizenship-labor-law-meloni-government-opposition-d2c2b8ccfa96d27ab759cce2b4d72389<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kompletn\u00e1 ilustr\u00e1cia od Yorgosa Karagiorgosa N\u00e1zov: \u201e\u017diadne referendum nevid\u00edm, \u017eiadne referendum nepo\u010dujem, \u017eiadne referendum nehovor\u00edm\u201c Vizu\u00e1lna kritika uml\u010diavania demokracie prostredn\u00edctvom ikonografie Giorgie Meloni. Taliansko na vo\u013eb\u00e1ch: Tich\u00e9 referendum Referendum, o ktorom nikto nehovor\u00ed Za\u010diatkom j\u00fana [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":355,"featured_media":7898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[722,665],"tags":[2105,3317,7033,1977,3984,10699,2917,6332,548,7041],"post_formats":[673],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-11737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualne-dianie","category-spajanie-bodiek","tag-civic-engagement-sk","tag-constitutional-rights-sk","tag-democratic-backsliding-sk","tag-europe-sk","tag-giorgia-meloni-sk","tag-labour-rights-sk","tag-migration-sk","tag-political-participation-sk","tag-political-strategy","tag-political-strategy-sk","post_formats-clanky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/355"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11737"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13621,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11737\/revisions\/13621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11737"},{"taxonomy":"post_formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_formats?post=11737"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pulse-z.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=11737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}